Ovarian cysts are solid or fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside the ovaries and are very common, especially in women of reproductive age. Most ovarian cysts are harmless, cause no symptoms, and often resolve on their own. However, some may lead to symptoms such as pelvic pain or pressure, bloating, irregular periods, pain during sex or bowel movements, or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen. In rare cases, a cyst may rupture or twist (a condition called ovarian torsion), which can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain and requires urgent medical attention.
Ovarian cysts can develop for various reasons, including normal ovulation (functional cysts), hormonal imbalances, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or, less commonly, benign or malignant growths.
Treatment depends on the type, size, and symptoms of the cyst. Often, no treatment is needed other than monitoring with ultrasound. Hormonal medications, such as the contraceptive pill, may be used to prevent new cysts from forming. If the cyst is large, painful, or appears abnormal, surgical removal {link} may be recommended. Most ovarian cysts are not cancerous, and many women will have them at some point without serious complications.
