Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive and endocrine disorder affecting reproductive aged women with one in every 6 to 7 women affected. It has classically been associated with irregular periods although it is possible to have a regular menstrual cycle with PCOS. At least two of the following features must be present before a diagnosis of PCOS can be made:
- Irregular (more than 35 days apart) or absent periods.
- Clinical signs of increased androgens such as hair growth in places like the face, chest and back, acne OR evidence of increased androgens on a blood test.
- Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (more than 18 follicles per ovary or volume of the ovary more than 10 mL).
The clinical features of PCOS can be grouped into three areas:
- Reproductive – Irregular periods, poor fertility, excessive hair growth
- Metabolic – Insulin resistance and diabetes, obesity, and increased risks of heart disease
- Psychological – Increased risks of depression and anxiety, eating disorders and negative body image
The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown however it is known that women with PCOS express a genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices (diet and exercise) can worsen or improve their symptoms Many women with PCOS are diagnosed during their early reproductive life and report feeling isolated, depressed and anxious.
Management options
For some women no immediate treatment is required. Our doctors will discuss how the results of any test results have provided a diagnosis of PCOS and any interventions that are required immediately or may be required in the future.
Management of PCOS is centred around:
- Lifestyle interventions (for example diet and exercise)
- Hormonal and non-hormonal medication to manage high levels of androgens and irregular periods
- Fertility treatments if needed.
- Pre-pregnancy assessments and maximising health prior to conception
