Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life when menstrual periods stop permanently, marking the end of reproductive years. It is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. Peri-menopause is the transitional phase leading up to menopause. It can start several years before menopause as the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and can be marked by irregularity of periods although menopausal symptoms can start with normal periods. This stage can last from a few months to 10 years and often begins in a woman’s 40s, though it can start earlier.
Common Symptoms
Both menopause and peri-menopause can cause a range of symptoms due to hormonal changes. These may include:
- Irregular periods
- Hot flushes and night sweats
- Mood changes (anxiety, low mood, irritability)
- Sleep disturbances
- Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex
- Reduced libido (sex drive)
- Difficulty concentrating ("brain fog")
- Fatigue
- Joint aches and stiffness
- Memory dysfunction (brain fog)
Not everyone experiences all these symptoms, and their severity can vary.
Health Considerations
After menopause, lower estrogen levels can affect long-term health. It’s important to consider:
- Bone health: Increased risk of osteoporosis
- Heart health: Higher risk of cardiovascular disease
- Urogenital health: Risk of vaginal dryness, bladder issues
Management and Treatment Options
You don’t have to suffer in silence—many options are available to manage symptoms:
- Lifestyle changes: Healthy diet, regular exercise, stopping smoking, reducing alcohol
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), also known as Menopause Replacement Therapy (MHT): Helps relieve many symptoms by replacing estrogen. This can be offered during peri-menopause as well as post-menopause
- Non-hormonal treatments: Including some antidepressants, herbal remedies, or vaginal lubricants
- Psychological support: Talking therapies can help with mood-related symptoms
When to See a Doctor
You should consider seeing your GP or a specialist if:
- Your symptoms affect your daily life
- You’re under 45 and experiencing changes in your menstrual cycle
- You want to explore treatment options like HRT
- You’re concerned about bone or heart health
Need More Information?
If you have questions or concerns, our women’s health GPs are available to assist and no referral is required. Support is available, and you’re not alone.
